Question: “Why do I need to document the materials used in my research?”
Answer: An important step in the research process is crediting the sources you have used in your research. A fundamental principle in all research is that of academic integrity: if you quote or re-state in your own words ideas, facts, opinions or quotations from another source, you must give credit to the original source. Otherwise it is considered plagiarism.
The consequences of plagiarism may include failure of the assignment, failure of the course or (in some situations) expulsion from school.
Examples of Cited Works, MLA* Style
The MLAHandbook for Writers of Research Papers, Sixth Edition (available at the H.S. Library Circulation Desk) provides several examples for documentation of print and nonprint sources using the MLA style. This handout contains examples of documentation of some of the most common sources cited in research papers at Penfield High School.
5.6 CITING BOOKS
5.6.1 Book by a single author:
Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human
Culture. New York: Pantheon, 1998.
5.6.2 Anthology:
McRae, Murdo, ed. The Literature of Science: Perspectives on Popular Science Writing.
Athens: U of Georgia P, 1993.
5.6.4 Book by 2-3 authors:
Rabkin, Eric S., Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds. No Place Else:
Explorations in Utopian and Dystopian Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP,
1983.
5.6.4 Book by more than 3 authors:
Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria Beyond Freud. Berkley: U of California P, 1987.
5.6.6 Corporate author:
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of
Medicine. New York: Random, 1989.
5.6.7 Work within an anthology:
Allende, Isabel. “Toad’s Mouth.” Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock Beneath
The Mangoes: Stories FromLatin America. Ed. Thomas Colchie. New York: Plume, 1992. 83-88.
5.6.8 Reference:
Allen, Anita L. “Privacy in Health Care.” Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed. Warren T.
Reich. Rev. ed. 5 vols. New York: Macmillan-Simon, 1995.
5.7 CITING ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS
5.7.5 Newspaper:
Manning, Anita. “Curriculum Battles From the Left and Right.” USAToday
2 Mar. 1994:5D.
5.7.6 Magazine:
Armstrong, Larry, Dori Jones Yang, and Alice Cuneo. “ The Learning Revolution:
Technology Is Reshaping Education--At Home and At School.” Business Week
28 Feb. 1994: 80-88.
5.7.8 A Review
Updike, John. “No Brakes.” Rev. of Sinclair Lewis: Rebel FromMain Street, by Richard Lingeman. New
Yorker 4 Feb. 2002: 77-80.
5.7.10 Editorial
Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.” Editorial. US News and World Report 11 Feb. 2002: 72.
5.8 CITING MISCELLANEOUS PRINT AND NONPRINT SOURCES 5.8.3 Film/Video/DVD It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, and Thomas
Mitchell. 1946. DVD. Republic, 2001.
5.8.6 A Photograph
Evans, Walker. Penny Picture Display. 1936. Museum of Mod. Art, New York.
5.8.7 An Interview
Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.
5.8.8 A Map or Chart Michigan. Map. Chicago: Rand, 2000.
5.8.13 A Letter
Woolf, Virginia. “To T.S. Eliot.” 28 July 1920. Letter 1138 of The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Nigel
Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann. Vol. 2. New York: Harcourt, 1976. 437-38.
CITING WORKS OF CRITICISM
Author, "Title of original article." Original Source. Copyright Date: pages. Rpt in Title of
Literary Criticism Source. Editors' names. Vol. #. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright
date. pages.
Aiken, Conrad. "Faulkner, William." Collected Criticism. 1939:200-207. Rpt. in "William
Faulkner." Contemporary LiteraryCriticism. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski and Phylllis Carmel
Mendelson. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale, 1978. 206-208.
5.9 CITING ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
5.9.1. The basic entry: a document from an Internet site
Author’s last name, First name. “Title of Document.” Title of Web Site. Date of electronic publication/revision. Name of organization that sponsors the site. Date of access <URL or Electronic address>.
Zeki, Semir. “Artistic Creativity and the Brain.” Science 6 July 2001: 51-52.
Science Magazine. 2002. Amer. Assn. for the Advancement of Science.
5.9.2.An entire Internet site
The typical entry for an entire online scholarly project, information database, journal, or professional site consists of the following items:
Title of Web Site. Editor of the site (if given). Electronic publication information (including
version number if given). Date of publication/revision. Name of institution/organization.
Date of access <electronic address/URL>.
5.9.4.An article in an online periodical
NOTE: FOR ARTICLES RETRIEVED FROM A LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE (SIRS, NewsBank, CQ Researcher, EBSCOhost, Annals of America, etc.) see 5.9.7.
Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article.” Title of Journal Date of Publication.
Total number of pages or paragraphs (if given). Date of access <URL or electronic address>.
Levy, Steven. “Great Minds, Great Ideas.” Newsweek 27 May 2002: 46-49.
5.9.7. A work from a library or personal subscription service
For Penfield High School students, these include SIRS, Student Resource Center, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, CQElectronic Library, Annals of America, Opposing Viewpoints, CountryWatch, Wilson Biographies Plus, World Book Encyclopedia Online, and any databases accessed through NOVEL.
Sample
Author (if available). “Article title.” Original Source of Article. Date of Original: page(s). Database Name. Library where database was accessed, Location of library. Date of Access <URL of service’s homepage>.
SIRS Knowledge Source
Frick, Robert. “Investing in Medical Miracles.” Kiplinger’s Personal Finance. Feb. 1999: 80-87.SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Penfield
StudentResourceCenter
"Biome." Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed. 6 vols. Gale, 2004. StudentResourceCenter. Thomson Gale. Penfield High School Library, Penfield,
EBSCOhost – MasterFILE Select
Maynard, W. Barksdale. “Thoreau’s House at Walden.” Art Bulletin 81 (1999): 303-25. MasterFile Select. EBSCOhost. Penfield High School Library,
CQ Researcher
Clark, Charles S. “ The FBI Under Fire.” The CQ Researcher. 11 April 1997: 315-22. Penfield High School Library, Penfield, NY. 02 May 2005
World Book Encyclopedia Online
Lesko, Leonard H. "Egypt, Ancient." World Book OnlineReferenceCenter. 2005. World Book, Inc. Penfield High School Library, Penfield, NY. 02 May
Opposing Viewpoints Online At the end of your Opposing Viewpoints article is the Source Citation for that article. Unless directed otherwise by your
teacher, copy the citation as it appears, adding, LIBRA Network. Monroe County Library System. before the
<http://www.galenet.com/servlet/OVRC>. That will give credit to the Monroe County Public Library System that
provides access to Opposing Viewpoints//.
*See the MLA Handbook for additional information and examples.***
*Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Sixth Edition. New York: The Modern
Language Association of America, 2003
Penfield High School Library
October 2007 edition
Question: “Why do I need to document the materials used in my research?”
Answer: An important step in the research process is crediting the sources you have used in your research. A fundamental principle in all research is that of academic integrity: if you quote or re-state in your own words ideas, facts, opinions or quotations from another source, you must give credit to the original source. Otherwise it is considered plagiarism.
The consequences of plagiarism may include failure of the assignment, failure of the course or (in some situations) expulsion from school.
Examples of Cited Works, MLA* Style
The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Sixth Edition (available at the H.S. Library Circulation Desk) provides several examples for documentation of print and nonprint sources using the MLA style. This handout contains examples of documentation of some of the most common sources cited in research papers at Penfield High School.
5.6 CITING BOOKS
5.6.1 Book by a single author:
Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human
5.6.2 Anthology:
McRae, Murdo, ed. The Literature of Science: Perspectives on Popular Science Writing.
5.6.4 Book by 2-3 authors:
Rabkin, Eric S., Martin H. Greenberg, and Joseph D. Olander, eds. No Place Else:
5.6.4 Book by more than 3 authors:
Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria Beyond Freud. Berkley: U of California P, 1987.
5.6.6 Corporate author:
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of5.6.7 Work within an anthology:
Allende, Isabel. “Toad’s Mouth.” Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock Beneath5.6.8 Reference:
Allen, Anita L. “Privacy in Health Care.” Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed. Warren T.
5.7 CITING ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS5.7.5 Newspaper:
Manning, Anita. “Curriculum Battles From the Left and Right.” USA Today5.7.6 Magazine:
Armstrong, Larry, Dori Jones Yang, and Alice Cuneo. “ The Learning Revolution:5.7.8 A Review
Updike, John. “No Brakes.” Rev. of Sinclair Lewis: Rebel From Main Street, by Richard Lingeman. New
5.7.10 Editorial
Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.” Editorial. US News and World Report 11 Feb. 2002: 72.
5.8 CITING MISCELLANEOUS PRINT AND NONPRINT SOURCES
5.8.3 Film/Video/DVD
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, and Thomas
5.8.6 A Photograph
Evans, Walker. Penny Picture Display. 1936. Museum of Mod. Art, New York.
5.8.7 An Interview
Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.
5.8.8 A Map or Chart
Michigan. Map. Chicago: Rand, 2000.
5.8.13 A Letter
Woolf, Virginia. “To T.S. Eliot.” 28 July 1920. Letter 1138 of The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Nigel
CITING WORKS OF CRITICISM
Author, "Title of original article." Original Source. Copyright Date: pages. Rpt in Title of
Aiken, Conrad. "Faulkner, William." Collected Criticism. 1939:200-207. Rpt. in "William
5.9 CITING ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
5.9.1. The basic entry: a document from an Internet site
Author’s last name, First name. “Title of Document.” Title of Web
Site. Date of electronic publication/revision. Name of organization that sponsors the site. Date of access <URL or Electronic address>.
Zeki, Semir. “Artistic Creativity and the Brain.” Science 6 July 2001: 51-52.
5.9.2. An entire Internet site
The typical entry for an entire online scholarly project, information database, journal, or professional site consists of the following items:
Title of Web Site. Editor of the site (if given). Electronic publication information (including
version number if given). Date of publication/revision. Name of institution/organization.
Date of access <electronic address/URL>.
CNN.com. 2002. Cable News Network. 15 May 2005 <http://www.cnn.com/>.
Jane Austen Information Page. Ed. Henry Churchyard. 6 Sept. 2000. 15 May 2005
5.9.4. An article in an online periodical
NOTE: FOR ARTICLES RETRIEVED FROM A LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE (SIRS, NewsBank, CQ Researcher, EBSCOhost, Annals of America, etc.) see 5.9.7.
Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article.” Title of Journal Date of Publication.
Total number of pages or paragraphs (if given). Date of access <URL or electronic address>.
Levy, Steven. “Great Minds, Great Ideas.” Newsweek 27 May 2002: 46-49.
5.9.7. A work from a library or personal subscription service
For Penfield High School students, these include SIRS, Student Resource Center, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, CQElectronic Library, Annals of America, Opposing Viewpoints, CountryWatch, Wilson Biographies Plus, World Book Encyclopedia Online, and any databases accessed through NOVEL.
Sample
Author (if available). “Article title.” Original Source of Article. Date of Original: page(s). Database Name. Library where database was accessed, Location of library. Date of Access <URL of service’s homepage>.
SIRS Knowledge Source
Frick, Robert. “Investing in Medical Miracles.” Kiplinger’s Personal Finance. Feb. 1999: 80-87.SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Penfield
Student Resource Center
"Biome." Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed. 6 vols. Gale, 2004. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. Penfield High School Library, Penfield,
EBSCOhost – MasterFILE Select
Maynard, W. Barksdale. “Thoreau’s House at Walden.” Art Bulletin 81 (1999): 303-25. MasterFile Select. EBSCOhost. Penfield High School Library,
ProQuest
Colvin, Geoffrey. “The 75-Year-Old Killer App.” Fortune. 14 Oct. 2002:76 ProQuest. Penfield
CQ Researcher
Clark, Charles S. “ The FBI Under Fire.” The CQ Researcher. 11 April 1997: 315-22. Penfield High School Library, Penfield, NY. 02 May 2005
World Book Encyclopedia Online
Lesko, Leonard H. "Egypt, Ancient." World Book Online Reference Center. 2005. World Book, Inc. Penfield High School Library, Penfield, NY. 02 May
Opposing Viewpoints Online
At the end of your Opposing Viewpoints article is the Source Citation for that article. Unless directed otherwise by your
teacher, copy the citation as it appears, adding, LIBRA Network. Monroe County Library System. before the
<http://www.galenet.com/servlet/OVRC>. That will give credit to the Monroe County Public Library System that
provides access to Opposing Viewpoints//.
*See the MLA Handbook for additional information and examples.***
*Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Sixth Edition. New York: The Modern
Language Association of America, 2003